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| Analysis of the polarimetric characteristics of hail storm from S band dual polarization radar observations |
| Received:June 09, 2020 Revised:September 08, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:Dual polarization radar;Hail;Polarimetric characteristics |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | PAN Jiawen | Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, China | | | GAO Li | Taizhou Meteorological Bureau, Taizhou 318000, China | | | WEI Ming | Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China | mingwei@nuist.edu.cn | | JIANG Lulu | Ningbo Meteorological Bureau, Ningbo 315012, China | | | CAI Jing | Longyan Meteorological Bureau, Longyan 364000, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aims to investigate the polarimetric radar characteristics of hail storm and application of these characteristics for operational work. A total of 46 hail storm reports that have been observed with the S-band dual-polarization radar are used for this study. Three polarimetric signatures, i.e., the polarimetric variables of hail at various height, Zdr column, the polarimetric TBSS, are repeatedly found in these hail storms and analyzed with the focus on the differences between polarimetric signatures of large and small hails. The study yields the following results： (1) The median value of Zh for large hails is higher than the value for small hails. A significant overlap of the Zh distributions for large and small hails is also present. (2) The variation of polarimetric variables of hail is concentrated below the melting level. Compared with small hails, large hails have lower Zdr and correlation coefficient (CC) values. (3) The maximum height of Zdr column can reach the -10℃ level in all of the hail storms, while 83% of large hail reports and 46% of small hail reports show that the Zdr column could penetrate the -20℃ level. (4) The evolution of the Zdr column height is an appropriate index that can reflect the development of the hail storm. During a continuous hail process, the re-development of the Zdr column height occurs earlier than that of the hail storm. It is also found that the peak of Zdr column height usually occurs about 24 min (median value) prior to a large hail report and about 11 min (median value) prior to a small hail report. (5) The polarimetric TBSS is a good indicator for identifying hails aloft, especially when there are other precipitation echoes located radially behind the hail core. In this study, the polarimetric TBSS can be found in all of the large hail reports and in 52% of the small hail reports. |
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