极地海冰快速变化及机制研究进展和挑战

Research progress and challenges of rapid changes and mechanisms of polar sea ice

中文关键词:  极地海冰,反馈过程,气候模态,热带-极地遥相关

英文关键词:Polar sea ice,Feedback,processes,Climate modes,Tropical-polar teleconnections

中文摘要:

      极地海冰在地球系统中扮演着至关重要的角色,也是气候环境变化的指示器和放大器。在全球变暖背景下,过去46年间,北极海冰持续减少,而南极海冰则先经历了增加,随后出现了骤减。目前,两极海冰都相继进入新的低值“状态”。极地海冰的变化与人类活动引起的全球变暖和气候内部变率有关。在过去40多年中,结合现场观测、卫星遥感反演、再分析资料和数值试验,科学家在极地海冰变化及可能机理方面取得了丰硕的研究成果。然而,对影响其快速变化的确切驱动因素及其各自的贡献尚不完全清楚。本文总结了近几十年观测的北极和南极海冰变化特征和未来变化预估,较为系统地从极区大气和海洋相互作用及反馈过程、中高纬主要气候模态、以及热带-极地遥相关等方面,阐述了北极和南极海冰快速变化机制的进展和挑战,并概述了极地海冰变化对区域和全球气候的可能影响。

英文摘要:

      Polar sea ice is essential to the Earth system, functioning as both an indicator and amplifier of climatic and environmental changes. In the context of global warming, Arctic sea ice has diminished during the past 46 years, but Antarctic sea ice has had an increase followed by a significant decline. Currently, both polar sea ice regions have reached unprecedented low levels sequentially. Changes in polar sea ice are associated with anthropogenic global warming and internal climate variability. Over the past four decades, researchers have obtained fruitful findings about polar sea ice changes and potential processes by integrating field observations, satellite remote sensing, reanalysis data, and numerical simulations. Nonetheless, the precise factors for its rapid changes and their individual contributions remain inadequately comprehended. This study summarizes the characteristics of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice alterations observed in recent decades and projections of future changes. It systematically elucidates the progress and challenges of the rapid change mechanisms of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice from the aspects of the interactions and feedback processes between the polar atmosphere and ocean, the principal climate modes in mid- and high-latitudes, and tropical-polar teleconnections, and outlines the possible impacts of polar sea ice changes on both regional and global climate.