中国天气雷达业务技术能力现代化60年进展

The overview of the modernisation of weather radar service technology in China over the past 60 years

中文关键词:  中国,天气雷达,业务保障,雷达标校,质量控制,雷达产品

英文关键词:China, Weather radar, Operational support, Radar calibration, Quality control, Radar products

中文摘要:

      天气雷达是对强对流和台风监测预警的主要工具之一，也是探测降水天气系统和估测降水的最有效手段之一。自1964年使用843型雷达监测台风以来，我国天气雷达技术及业务应用能力有了飞跃的发展。特别是进入新世纪以来，我国天气雷达气象业务体系不断完善、业务技术能力不断增强，雷达业务技术攻关投入持续增长，天气雷达气象科技能力现代化和社会服务现代化水平大幅增强。截至2024年10月，已建成由252部S和C波段天气雷达构成的全国雷达组网和由298部X波段天气雷达构成的局部组网，是世界最大的天气雷达观测网（共计546部天气雷达），且全网关键核心技术自主可控，全链条业务发展水平显著提升。文章简要回顾了近60年中国天气雷达业务技术发展上具有里程碑意义的重要变革及成就，对我国天气雷达业务技术体系及发展历程进行了简要的梳理，着重展示与雷达技术发展相适应的业务技术体系变革，旨在为中国天气雷达业务能力建设提供些许历史借鉴，并为未来天气雷达业务工作实现“监测精密”提供参考和启发。

英文摘要:

      Weather radar is one of the most important tools for monitoring and early warning of severe convection and typhoons. It also is one of the most effective means for detecting precipitation weather systems and estimating rainfall. Since the No.843-radar was first used for typhoon monitoring in 1964, China''s weather radar has made remarkable progress in technology and operational capabilities. With the new millennium, weather radar has significantly improved the operational meteorological system, as well as the technical capabilities and research investment. The modernization of weather radar technology and public service capabilities has been greatly enhanced. Now China has built the world''s largest weather radar network, with 252 S- and C-band radars comprising the CINRAD network, plus 298 X-band radars for regional observation. And the network is based almost entirely on proprietary core technologies, helping to improve operational efficiency across all technical areas. In this paper，the history of China''s weather radar development over the past six decades has been systematically reviewed, especially the milestones in the evolution of operational and technical systems. The paper also aims to provide historical references for the further development of China''s weather radar, and insight for achieving precision monitoring in future.