南海热盐多尺度变化及其气候和生态效应研究进展

A review of research on the multi?scale variations of heat and salt in the South China Sea and their climatic and ecological effects

中文关键词:  南海，海温和盐度，多时间尺度变化，气候影响，生态效应

英文关键词:South China Sea,Ocean temperature and salinity,Multi-timescale variations,Climatic impacts,Ecological effects

中文摘要:

      在过去近百年时间里，国内针对南海水文气象观测从零散到系统，再到多学科立体综合组网，为广泛而深入研究南海热盐变化提供了海量数据，进而为提高短期气候预测水平和海洋生态环境保护奠定了坚实基础。文章简要回顾了近百年来南海热盐多尺度变化及其气候和生态效应的相关研究进展。其中，南海热盐变化部分主要以不同时间尺度为主线展开综述，涉及海温的季节?季节内、年际、年代际、以及长期变化的特征及其控制机理，海洋热浪，盐度变化多尺度特征及其对热收支的影响等方面内容，梳理了太平洋和印度洋多尺度气候模态对南海热盐变化的影响途径。在热盐变化的气候和生态效应方面，主要涉及对季风和降水的影响，以及对海洋生态系统的广泛影响。最后，文章还展望了上述相关方面亟待解决和完善的问题。

英文摘要:

      Over the past century, China''s hydrological and meteorological observations in the South China Sea (SCS) have evolved from being sporadic to systematic and then to a multidisciplinary comprehensive network, offering copious data for extensive and in-depth research on the variations of heat and salt in the SCS. Thus, a solid foundation has been laid for enhancing short-term climate prediction and protecting the marine ecological environment. This paper briefly reviews the research progress on multi-scale variations of heat and salt in the SCS and their climatic and ecological effects over the past century. Among them, the section on heat and salt variations in the SCS is mainly summarized based on different time scales, encompassing the characteristics and control mechanisms of seasonal to intraseasonal, interannual, interdecadal, and long-term variations, as well as marine heatwaves, salinity variations and their impact on heat balance. This paper clarifies the impact pathways of multi-scale climate modes in the Pacific and Indian Oceans on heat and salt variations in the SCS. Regarding the climatic and ecological impacts of thermohaline variations, they mainly involve the effects on monsoons and precipitation, as well as the extensive effects on marine ecosystems. Finally, this paper also looks forward to the urgent issues that need to be addressed and improved in the aforementioned aspects.