台风登陆前后异常变化的研究进展

Research progress in the unusual variations of typhoons before and after landfalling

中文关键词:  台风  登陆过程  异常变化

英文关键词:Typhoon  Landfall process  Unusual variation

中文摘要:

      国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目——“台风登陆前后异常变化及机理研究”经过5年（2009—2013年）的研究完成研究任务。项目系统性地开展了16个台风的外场观测试验，在浅水区的海气拖曳系数、边界层高度变化等方面获得新的观测结果；发展了针对登陆台风的多源资料融合方法，例如台风雷达风场反演和同化技术取得进展；揭示了不同尺度系统活动导致台风路径突变、登陆台风复苏、双眼壁的形成等的物理机制；改进了涡旋初始化和积云对流参数化技术，提出了新的云辐射参数化方案，建立了台风海-陆-气耦合模式，台风数值预报关键技术的研发取得明显进展，文中介绍该项目所取得的代表性成果，对台风登陆前后异常变化的科学问题及研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要:

      Much work has been conducted, and some significant results have been achieved in the National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China entitled "Unusual Variations of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones and Associated Physical Mechanisms" during 2009-2013. Systematic observations of 16 typhoons have been made, and new observational results about the drag coefficient over shallow water areas and the changes in boundary-layer height were obtained. Notable progress in the multi-source data synthesis and assimilation techniques has been made, particularly in the retrieval of radar wind fields and the associated assimilation. Physical mechanisms for the roles of the systems on different scales in the sudden change of typhoon tracks, the rainfall reinforcement associated with landfalling tropical cyclones, and the formation of concentric eyewalls have also been revealed. Through improving the vortex initialization and cumulus convective parameterization schemes, developing new cloud-radiation parameterization scheme, and establishing an air-land-sea coupled model, the performance of typhoon forecasting by regional numerical models in China has been significantly improved. The progress of the Program is summarized, and associated scientific issues are discussed.