陆地生态系统与全球变化相互作用的研究进展

STUDY ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE

中文关键词:  全球变化  陆地生态系统  反馈作用  CO₂浓度倍增  温度  水分

英文关键词:Global change  Terrestrial ecosystems  Feedback  Doubled CO₂  Temperature  Water

中文摘要:

      全球变化及其对生态系统特别是陆地生态系统的影响已经严重地影响到人类生存环境与社会经济的可持续发展,引起了各国政府、科学家及公众的高度关注。文中从CO₂浓度倍增、温度变化、水分变化、水热与CO₂协同作用、辐射变化、臭氧变化以及人为干扰等气候环境变化对植物光合生理、生长发育、物质分配、水分利用、碳氮代谢等的影响方面阐述了全球变化影响生态系统的过程与机理;从地理分布范围、物候、结构与功能、生态系统的稳定性等方面分析了中国植被、森林生态系统、草原生态系统与农田生态系统对全球变化的响应;从植被变化引起的动力条件与热力条件的变化及植被固碳潜力的变化探讨了植被对于气候的反馈作用。在此基础上,基于当前全球变化研究前沿,提出了未来关于陆地生态系统与全球变化相互作用研究需要重视的方面,尤其是关于生态系统对全球变化响应的阈值研究应引起高度重视。

英文摘要:

      Global change and its possible impacts on ecosystems, especially terrestrial ecosystems, have seriously affected the human life-supporting environment and the sustainable development of social economics. It has drawn more and more attention from the governments, scientists and the public. the advance in the study on terrestrial ecosystems and global change (climate change, atmospheric composition change and land use change) has been reviewed in this paper from three aspects: the processes and mechanisms of the interaction between terrestrial ecosystems and global change, possible effects of global change on Chinese terrestrial ecosystems and the feedback of changing terrestrial ecosystems on global change including terrestrial carbon cycling. The processes and mechanisms of the impacts of global change on terrestrial ecosystems would be given from plant ecophysiology, growth and development, allocation, water use efficiency and the metabolisms of carbon and nitrogen by doubled CO₂, raising temperature, water change, UV-Bradiation and O₃ changes as well as human interference (land use change). The results indicated that the effects of global change on different plant species are different, and the adaptation strategies of different plant species should also be different. The responses of vegetation, forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems to global change were described by their geographical distributions, phenology, structure and function as well as theire-cosystem stability. The results suggested that different vegetation types/terrestrial ecosystems have differentre-sponses to global climate change, however there is a large uncertainties for their responses.