中国气温异常的区域特征研究

STUDIES ON THE REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ABNORMAL IN CHINA

中文关键词:  气温异常  分区  季节  变化趋势

英文关键词:Temperature abnormal  Sub-region  Season  Trend

中文摘要:

      用REOF法对中国的年和春、夏、秋、冬季平均气温年际变化进行了分区,并研究了各区气温的变化趋势。结果表明,中国年平均气温可分为8个变化区,春季7区,夏季9区,秋季7区,冬季5区。从年平均气温看,近46a来中国的主要升温区为东北、华北北部和新疆自治区,升温幅度为1.2℃左右。降温区为四川、贵州,幅度为0.3～0.4℃。东南部、西北东部、西藏和云南地区1970年代初以前降温,以后升温,与北半球气温变化一致。各季节升降温区与年平均有一定的差异。升温区范围和升温幅度最大的为冬季。降温主要集中在春季西部、华南地区和夏季长江流域和新疆南部。降温幅度最大的为夏季。秋冬季全国则无降温趋势。

英文摘要:

      In this study, annual, spring, summer, autumn and winter average air temperature change sub-regions have been get by the REOF. The air temperature trends have been examined for those sub-regions. It is noted that eight, seven, nine, seven, and five sub-rigions can be taken for annual, spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. The increase of annual average air temperature is mainly in the Northeast, the north of North China and Xinjiang, and it is about 1.2℃. The areas with negative trend of 0.3～0.4℃ are mainly in Sichuan and Guizhou provinces. In Southeast, east of Northwest, Xizang and Yunnan, temperature increase started from the 1970's after a decrease, the trend is similar with that of North Hemisphere. The seasonal temperature variation is different from annual. It is winter in which both the largest area and the maximum value of increase temperature was experienced. The decrease of temperature experienced in West and Sorth China in spring and in Changjiang Valley and the south of Xinjiang. The maximum decrease temperature experiencd in summer. There is not negative trend in autumn and winter.