南北半球大气环流与气候的相互作用

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES

中文摘要:

      本文研究了冬半球大气环流对夏半球热带气旋及降水的影响。发现近百年北大西洋、北太平洋、北印度洋热带气旋数的变化分别与南大西洋高压、澳洲高压以及南印度洋高压的强弱有明显的关系。南半球澳洲附近、南太平洋、南印度洋的热带气旋数的变化与北半球亚洲大陆的冷空气活动有密切的联系。冬半球的环流对夏半球降水的影响也很显著。我国旱涝与澳洲高压强度相关密切,而南半球印尼及澳洲附近的降水则与北半球西伯利亚高压的强度和位置的变化有较密切的联系。在两个半球的相互作用中,冬半球经常处于主动的地位,而夏半球的气候则深受其影响。并且在东亚到澳洲一带这种两个半球间的作用最为活跃。

英文摘要:

      In this article the influence of winter hemispheric circulation on the tropical cyclone and rainfall in summer hemisphere are investigated with special reference to the short range climatic change. It is found that the change of fxequency of tropical cyclone on Atlantic, Western Pacific and Tndian oceans is clealy related to the intensity of anticyclone in the southern hemisphere. On the other hand the change of frequences of tropical cyclone on the southern hemisphere is associated with the strength of the cold air in northern hemisphere. A relationship exists between the rainfall in the summer hemisphere and the circulation in the winter hemisphere. The droughts and floods ovex China are closely correlated with Australian high pressure, and the rainfall over Indonesia and Australia seems to be linked with the activity of Siberia high pressure. It is deduced that in the interactions between hemispheres, winter hemisphere often play a active part, thus it exerts a deep influence on the climate in the summer hemisphere especially with respect to the short range climatic change. It shows that the interactions between both hemispheric circulations and climate is most active in Eastern Asia.