大气中动能的制造

THE PRODUCTION OF KINETIC ENERGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE

中文摘要:

      大气中各种式样能量的平衡及相互转换是气象学中一个主要问题.过去的气象学者们大都是集中於研究能量的相互转换,在这方面Margules早在1905年就发表了他的经典著作,随後许多气象学者更进而计算了气旋、反气旋及台风等系统内各种能量的转换.至於动能的平衡及维持这种平衡的物理作用的讨论,最近才多了起来,其中Starr和黄士松深入地研究了大气中动能平衡的问题.

英文摘要:

      In the present note the mechanism of conversion of the internal and potential energy into kinetic energy is discussed,The potential energy first changes into the work to stretch an air column in vertical dimension,it then changes into the kinetic energy of.horizontal motion through horizontal divergence,The internal energy changes into kinetic energy through three dimensional divergence.It is further found that it is only in compressible fluid the internal and potential energy reserved in baroclinity can be converted into kinetic energy.The effect of earth's rotation is to reduce the possibility to release the internal and potential energy in the atmosphere.Starr's conclusion that anticyclone is the source of kinetic energy is eritized.Finally the maximum possible release of.the internal and potential energy in the mean summer and winter atmosphere is estimated.