海陆分布对于大气环流的地形与热力的影响

ON THE OROGRAPHICAL AND THERMAL INFLUENCE OF THE LAND-AND-SEA DISTRIBUTION ON THE GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

中文摘要:

      关於海陆分布对大气环流的影响,有两派意见.一派著重於热力的影响,另一派则着重於动力的影响.对海洋而言,在冬季大陆可以看作冷源,在夏季则好似一热源.由於海洋上与大陆上受热不同的结果,冬季在西伯利亚可长期维持着一强大高压.关於冬夏季风的产生,一般也都认为是由於海陆受热不同的效果.

英文摘要:

      In this paper the west wind circulation along the meridians 135°E, 135°W, 65°W and 15°W during the period July 1945 through January 1946 are discussed. The circulations along these four longitudes are remarkably different, being simple and intense along the east coasts (135°E, 65°W) and weak and complex along the west coasts (135°W, 15°W). Over the entire northern hemisphere the westerlies tend to split over three regions, namely, the two west coasts and Tibetan plateau. Downstream from these places the split westerlies join into. one strong jet stream, the intensity of the jet stream off the Asiatic coast being the highest. This phenomenon is attributed to the orographical influence of the mountains on the general circulation. Since the west wind speed is higher along the east coast than the,west coasts, there is due to advection an accumulation of kinetic energy over the ocean and deplation of kinetic energy over the continents. To maintain a steady state kinetic energy must be constantly produced over the land and constantly consumed over the water. In winter the continent is colder than the ocean. Owing to this thermal contrast the trough point along one isobar tends to slope northward from the coast toward water and slope southward from the coast toward land.